Life in the Landscape | Mike Rae

Turtle Dove in a Suffolk meadow. Streptopelia turtur

Plastic dumped in the sea, butterflies disappearing, songbird numbers declining. Environmental news is relentlessly negative and depressing. But, these news stories do reflect the wider pressure on wildlife and the natural environment.

Turtle Dove in a Suffolk hedge. Streptopelia turtur

However on a local level it can feel different. Halls and little Haugh farms had 7 pairs of Barn owls breeding this year, the farm round my village of Westhorpe had 4 pairs of Barn owls this year. Sliver washed Fritillary butterflies scarce in Suffolk 10 years ago are spreading from Pakenham wood and last summer were commonly seen in other woods round Norton and Stowlangtoft . Purple Emperor Butterflies are appearing in Suffolk woods where they have not been seen for a 100 years. Turtle doves are in steep decline nationally but, three pairs are breeding at Badwell Green and we have seen them for the last 2 years at Halls farm Norton. I put swift boxes under the eaves of my house last winter, last summer 2 pairs of swifts used these boxes and I had dozens of fast flying screaming swifts round the house in early August, I will have to keep my head down next year.

Barn owl early morning looking down in oak. July Suffolk. Tyto alba

All over Suffolk there are local positive wildlife success stories. Much of the decline in wildlife is rightly blamed on intensive farming. However, increased awareness by landowners and environmental protection schemes are starting to slow and sometimes reverse the damage to wildlife.

Silver-washed Fritillary about to land behind, June Suffolk. Argynnis paphia

Too often these wildlife success stories are in isolated pockets, many plants and animals can’t move away because the surrounding conditions are unfavourable. And perhaps more importantly the management and knowledge behind the success are not shared.

Farm Clusters are a recent initiative that will benefit the environment and wildlife by farmers sharing their resources, knowledge, ideas and enthusiasm in local areas. A group of farmers works together to identify the environmental and wildlife aims that are achievable their area. Clusters can compliment and enhance the effects of existing agri-environment schemes. Usually one or two farmers lead the cluster so that results are delivered on a landscape level rather than an isolated local level.

Brown hare stepping into dawn sun. August morning Suffolk. Lepus europaeus

Modern farming is reliant on financial support from taxpayers. This has moved from production-based subsidies to payments for specific work that protects water and soil quality and the environment. The future of these payments is uncertain but, there is strong trend to base payments on the results of work done rather than just on the work itself. For example a riverside grass strip might only qualify for payment if water quality and wildlife species numbers can be shown to have improved. Any changes in the way farmers and landowners are supported will mean developing new expertise in measureing outcomes, farm clusters will help farmers deliver and measure real environmental benefits.

Farm clusters have the potential to deliver quick wildlife and environmental results. Farms can cooperate to link hedges and woodland so wildlife can move along natural corridors. Field margins can be planted with the best local pollen, nectar and seed plants to feed insects and birds through the year. Ditches and rivers can be managed on a landscape level rather than a farm level to manage water levels and prevent flooding.

A group of farmers in Mid Suffolk is looking at setting up a farm cluster. If this can be made to work many of the recent local isolated wildlife success stories have the potential to be magnified onto a landscape level.

Swift flegling head out of box. July Suffolk. Apus apus

The bridleway heads west from the farm on the edge of Stanton towards Walsham le Willows, I have used this track for many years and have seen it change. The hedges have been allowed to grow, the verges are wide, brambles and nettles are not all cut back, there are many wild flowers in the shorter track edge. Ponds and a water reservoir have been established. Around Wyken Hall farm some arable land has been put down to grass and fenced for animal grazing, many new trees and hedges have also been planted round the hall. Un-grazed grassland is managed for hay, wild flowers thrive here.

Bridleway at Wyken Hall

In mid August on a hot Sunday afternoon I took the dog for a walk down the bridleway, wheat was being harvested from the field south of the track, changeable weather has made for a challenging harvest. As I headed away from Wyken Hall the track edge was rich with late summer flowers and despite the sounds of harvest bees and dragonflies could be heard. But, most noticeable were the late summer butterflies ranging from common whites and blousy brimstones and on the shorter grassland flowers small heaths and coppers. Elusive Purple hairstreaks were in the high oak leaves, red admirals and painted ladies soared boldly from flower to flower.

Wide field margin managed for wildlife

I met Kenneth Carlisle earlier in the summer on a farm walk to promote turtle dove conservation in Suffolk’s black bourn valley, he asked me to survey the birds at Wyken Hall estate. 1^st of September I started at sunrise when the birds are more active and vocal. Although I have been given access to the whole estate for this first count it was hardly necessary to leave the bridleway for the hour and half I was counting. Even though the farm is managed in an environmentally positive way I was surprised by the number of birds I saw and heard. Perhaps the spotted flycatcher family and the pair of nuthatches were the most memorable from the morning.

Pond at Wyken Hall

Flower rich grassland at Wyken Hall

September is probably too late to survey turtle doves, many of them will have already started their autumn migration to West Africa. I saw no turtle doves 1st September at Wyken but, I will search for them again next spring.

Bird count Wyken Hall 1st September 2017

Fenced grassland at Wyken Hall

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Wyken Hall bird count 1st September 2017